A1 Grammar · Unit 6 · Topic 11 of 30

Accusative Case

About 4 minutes · tables, common mistakes and practice with answers

In short

Only the masculine changes: der → den, ein → einen, kein → keinen. Feminine, neuter and plural stay the same. To find the object, ask "Wen oder was?" (Whom or what?).

Nominativ or Akkusativ?

Nominative and accusative articles in German

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Ask two questions. Who is doing it? That's the Nominativ. What or whom is it done to? That's the Akkusativ. At A1 the good news is that only the masculine changes: der becomes den, ein becomes einen and kein becomes keinen.

हिंदी में समझें

दो सवाल पूछिए। काम कौन कर रहा है (Wer?) = Nominativ। काम किस पर हो रहा है (Wen? Was?) = Akkusativ। अच्छी बात यह है कि A1 में सिर्फ़ masculine बदलता है: der → den, ein → einen, kein → keinen।

The accusative case in German marks the direct object: the thing you buy, eat, see or need. At A1 it mostly comes down to one change: masculine der becomes den.

What is the accusative case?

Most German sentences have a subject, the person or thing doing the action, and many also have an object that receives it. The subject is in the nominative and the object is in the accusative. In Ich kaufe den Kaffee, I am the one buying and the coffee is what I buy, so den Kaffee is accusative.

German textbooks and the telc and Goethe exam papers call it Akkusativ, so you will see that word more often than the English one. Both mean the same thing. If you can't tell whether a noun is the subject or the object, the next lesson, Nominative vs Accusative, compares the two cases side by side.

When do you use the accusative?

  • After most everyday verbs, such as haben, möchten, brauchen, kaufen, sehen, essen, trinken and suchen.
  • After es gibt: Es gibt einen Supermarkt hier.
  • After the prepositions durch, für, gegen, ohne and um: Das ist für den Chef.

Article changes in the German accusative case

TheA/AnNo/Not aMy
masculineder → denein → einenkein → keinenmein → meinen
neuterdaseinkeinmein
femininedieeinekeinemeine
pluraldie(none)keinemeine

For articles, the accusative only changes the masculine row. Possessives like dein, sein, ihr and unser work like mein.

  • Ich habe einen Bruder. (I have a brother.)
  • Wir brauchen keinen Termin. (We don't need an appointment.)
  • Sie sucht ihre Tasche. (She is looking for her bag. Tasche is feminine, so nothing changes.)

Accusative pronouns

Personal pronouns change in more places than articles do, so it helps to learn the accusative pronouns as a list.

NominativeAccusativeExample
ichmichEr kennt mich.
dudichIch sehe dich.
erihnIch frage ihn.
sie (she)sieWir besuchen sie.
esesIch kaufe es.
wirunsSie ruft uns an.
ihreuchIch verstehe euch.
sie (they) / Siesie / SieIch höre Sie gut.

The masculine pronoun follows the same pattern as the article: er becomes ihn with an -n, just as der becomes den.

Common Mistakes in Accusative Case

"Ich möchte ein Kaffee." Wrong. Kaffee is masculine and it is the object: einen Kaffee. "Das ist einen Kaffee." Wrong. Sein takes no object, so the noun stays nominative: Das ist ein Kaffee. "Es gibt ein Supermarkt." Wrong. Es gibt always takes the accusative: einen Supermarkt. "Ich liebe er." Wrong. Pronouns change too: Ich liebe ihn. You can catch most wrong accusatives with two questions: is the noun masculine, and is it the object?

Memory trick

Only the men get a new hat with an -n: der → den, ein → einen, er → ihn. Ladies (die) and neutral things (das) stay the same.

Practice

Fill in the gap.

  1. Ich trinke ___ Tee. (ein, masculine)
  2. Siehst du ___ Bus? (der)
  3. Wir kaufen ___ Lampe. (eine)
  4. Kennst du Mohan? Ja, ich kenne ___ gut.
  5. Das Geschenk ist für ___. (du)
Show answers

Answers: einen, den, eine (feminine, so it doesn't change), ihn, dich (für takes the accusative).

Accusative Case: frequently asked questions

The accusative is the case of the direct object: the form a noun or pronoun takes when the verb acts on it. In Ich sehe den Hund, den Hund is accusative.

Masculine articles change (der → den, ein → einen, kein → keinen, mein → meinen), and so do some personal pronouns (ich → mich, du → dich, er → ihn, wir → uns, ihr → euch).

No. Sein (to be) doesn't take an object, so both sides stay in the nominative.

Durch, für, gegen, ohne and um, and also bis. Many learners remember the first five with the made-up word "DOGFU".

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