Grammar
All 30 German A1 Grammar Topics
Every A1 grammar topic, grouped by unit. Search for one by name, filter to A1.1 or A1.2, and track which lessons you've already learned.
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30 topics
Unit 1
Introductions
The Verb Sein (To Be)
Sein is the most important verb in grammar in German. You'll use it to say who you are, where you're from, and what you do. Unlike regular verbs, sein doesn't follow a predictable pattern. Learn it from the start.
ich bin, du bist, er/sie/es ist, wir sind, ihr seid, sie/Sie sind
Open the lesson →Personal Pronouns
German has two words for "you": du for people you know well, Sie for everyone else. Sie is always capitalized, even in the middle of a sentence. That's how you tell it apart from sie (she/they), which is spelled the same but lowercase.
ich, du, er/sie/es, wir, ihr, sie/Sie
Open the lesson →Asking Questions
For yes/no questions, move the verb to the front. No extra "do" word like in English. For questions with a question word, put that word first, then the verb.
Kommst du aus Indien? · Woher kommst du? · Wie heißt du?
Open the lesson →Unit 2
Alphabet and pronunciation
Numbers and Time
German builds numbers by saying the ones digit before the tens ("one-and-twenty" not "twenty-one"). Clock times are usually said relative to the hour, especially in speech.
einundzwanzig (21) · Es ist halb neun. (It's 8:30, literally "half nine".)
Open the lesson →German Ordinal Numbers and Dates
1st to 19th add -te, and 20th and up add -ste. For dates, use am + dative: am zweiten Mai.
Mein Geburtstag ist am fünfzehnten August. · Heute ist der dritte April.
Open the lesson →Unit 3
Family
Possessive Articles
Words like "my," "your," and "his" change form based on the gender of the noun: mein Vater (my father) but meine Mutter (my mother).
mein, dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer, ihr/Ihr
Open the lesson →German Possessive Articles: Nominative and Accusative Cases
The owner decides the word, the noun decides the ending. Only the masculine changes in the accusative: mein → meinen, dein → deinen, and so on.
Ich liebe meinen Vater. · Wo ist deine Tasche?
Open the lesson →Unit 4
Home and objects
Unit 5
Daily routine
Verb Conjugation (Present Tense)
German verbs change their ending depending on who's doing the action (ich, du, er/sie/es, wir, ihr, sie/Sie). Some common verbs like sprechen also change their stem vowel for du and er/sie/es.
ich komme, du kommst, er/sie/es kommt, wir kommen, ihr kommt, sie/Sie kommen
Open the lesson →Sentence Structure: The Verb Is Always in Position 2
In a German sentence, the conjugated verb always goes in position 2. The first position can be the subject, a time word, or a place. The verb follows right after.
Ich komme aus Indien. (1: Ich · 2: komme) → Aus Indien komme ich. (1: Aus Indien · 2: komme)
Open the lesson →Unit 6
Food and ordering
Accusative Case
Only the masculine changes: der → den, ein → einen, kein → keinen. Feminine, neuter and plural stay the same. To find the object, ask "Wen oder was?" (Whom or what?).
der Kaffee → Ich möchte einen Kaffee. (I'd like a coffee.)
Open the lesson →Nominative vs Accusative
Ask "Wer oder was?" (Who or what?) to find the subject, which is nominative. Ask "Wen oder was?" (Whom or what?) to find the object, which is accusative. Only the masculine forms look different: der → den, ein → einen, er → ihn.
Der Arzt kommt. · Ich rufe den Arzt.
Open the lesson →German Verb Conjugation: helfen, mögen, werden
Three more essential verbs to conjugate. Helfen takes the dative, and werden means to become or will.
Ich helfe dir. · Sie wird Ärztin.
Open the lesson →Unit 7
Shopping
German Articles as Pronouns: Welcher and Dieser
Welcher/welches/welche asks "which?" Dieser/dieses/diese means "this one." Both follow the same German article endings.
Welchen Tee möchtest du? Diesen. · Welches Kleid gefällt dir? Dieses hier.
Open the lesson →German Dative Verbs: gefallen, gehören, passen, schmecken
These verbs take a person in the dative case. Think of it this way: the thing pleases the person, not the other way around.
Die Farbe gefällt mir. · Schmeckt dir das Curry?
Open the lesson →Unit 8
Directions and transport
German Imperative: Commands and Requests (du, ihr, Sie)
The German imperative (der Imperativ) is the verb form you use to give commands, instructions, requests and advice: Komm! Warte bitte! Nehmen Sie Platz. It has three forms, one for each way of saying "you": du, ihr and Sie. In imperative German sentences the verb always comes first.
Geeta, sprich bitte langsam! · Kinder, hört zu!
Open the lesson →German Place Prepositions: Wo? and Wohin?
Wo (where are you) uses the dative. Wohin (where to) uses zu, nach, or in with the accusative.
Krishna ist beim Arzt. Er geht zum Arzt. · Wir fahren nach Hamburg.
Open the lesson →German Prepositions with Dative: mit
Mit (with, by) always takes the dative. Use it for transport (mit dem Bus) and with people (mit meiner Schwester).
Ich fahre mit dem Zug nach Delhi. · Wir sprechen mit den Kindern.
Open the lesson →Unit 9
Work and schedule
Separable Verbs
Some verbs split into two parts: the prefix goes to the end of the sentence and the main verb stays in second position. It looks strange at first but becomes automatic with practice.
aufstehen → Ich stehe um sieben Uhr auf. (I get up at seven.)
Open the lesson →German Time Expressions: für, vor, seit, bis, ab, nach, bei
Use these for duration, "ago," "since," and "from...until." They are crucial for talking about appointments and schedules.
Krishna wohnt seit drei Jahren in Köln. · Ich bleibe für zwei Wochen.
Open the lesson →German Job Words: -in (Feminine Forms)
Add -in to masculine German job titles to make them feminine: der Lehrer → die Lehrerin.
der Lehrer → die Lehrerin · der Arzt → die Ärztin
Open the lesson →Unit 10
Health
Modal Verbs: möchte, können, wollen, müssen
Modal verbs (can, must, want to) push the main verb to the end of the sentence. This is one of the first real shifts in German sentence structure.
Ich muss heute arbeiten. (I have to work today.) · Ich will Deutsch lernen. (I want to learn German.)
Open the lesson →German Modal Verbs: müssen, dürfen, sollen
Modal verbs are used constantly in conversation. The modal verb goes in position 2, and the main verb goes at the end in the infinitive.
Ram muss ein Formular ausfüllen. · Hier darf man nicht rauchen.
Open the lesson →Unit 11
Free time
German Past Tense: sein and haben (war, hatte)
To say where you were or what you had in German, use the simple past for these two verbs. Even in speech, people use war and hatte instead of the Perfekt.
Gestern war ich in Pune. · Geeta hatte Fieber.
Open the lesson →German Comparative and Superlative Forms
German comparative and superlative forms follow one pattern: schnell → schneller → am schnellsten. Three very common words are irregular: gut → besser → am besten, gern → lieber → am liebsten, viel → mehr → am meisten.
Ram spielt gut, Mohan spielt besser, Hari spielt am besten.
Open the lesson →Unit 12
Weather and small talk
Unit 13
Travel and booking
Introduction to Past Tense (Perfekt)
By the end of A1 you'll recognize and start using the spoken past tense. It's built with haben or sein plus a past participle. Enough to talk about what you did yesterday or last weekend.
Ich habe Deutsch gelernt. (I learned German.)
Open the lesson →Polite German Requests: Könntest / Würdest
To be polite in German, use Könnten/Könntest or Würden/Würdest instead of direct commands.
Könntest du bitte das Fenster öffnen? · Würden Sie mir bitte den Weg zeigen?
Open the lesson →Unit 14
Full conversations
German Pronoun Cases: Nominative, Dative, Accusative
Pronouns change depending on their job in the sentence. Nominative is who does it, accusative is whom or what is affected, and dative is to or for whom.
Krishna hilft mir. · Ich sehe dich.
Open the lesson →German Conjunction Denn
Denn = because. The sentence after it keeps normal word order, with the verb in position 2.
Sie bleibt zu Hause, denn sie ist krank.
Open the lesson →